Pythagoras (of right triangle Pythagorean Theorem fame) was the head of a secretive school of scholars called the Pythagoreans. This group operated under a belief that numerical explanations could be done in terms of whole numbers and their ratios (fractions). So, imagine their shock when one of their own constructed a proof (by contradiction) that the square root of 2 is irrational! (Irrational means it is a decimal that never ends and never repeats. It cannot be expressed as a fraction.) The group of scholars was so appalled that the unnamed fellow was drowned in the Aegean Sea. (1)